Hindering factors of infant feeding practices among the mothers of mid western part of Nepal

Background and Objectives: This study was aimed to provide baseline information on infant feeding knowledge, practices and hindering factors for proper feedings.Material and Methods: Among the 185 women with less than one year child coming on immunization clinic of health post of Chisapani Village Development Committee, infant feeding knowledge, practices were assessed by interviewing with semi structured questionnaire and focus group discussion.Results: Male children were more exclusively breastfed (33%) than female (27%) and exclusive breast feeding was lower in fifth and sixth month of age. All of them were aware that the baby should be fed only breast milk for 6 months, but the exclusive breastfeeding practice was found only in a very few mothers. Most of them had fed solid food after 3 months.Conclusion: Knowledge and practices on infant feeding do not go along despite the adequacy of knowledge due to the hindering factors like poverty, working mother, lack of support from family members and lack of support from the government infant. The gap between knowledge and practice can be lessened via informative activities on lactation management, endorsing policies and rights for mothers-infants relationship.

Correlação entre timpanograma e fluído de miringotomia em crianças portadoras de otite média com efusão / Correlation between tympanogram and myringotomy fluid in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion

A Otite Média com Efusão é uma das causas da impotência auditiva que pode ser tratada simplesmente com a miringotomia ou sem a inserção do tubo de ventilação. Objetivo: Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar os diferentes tipos de fluidos após a miringotomia em Otite Média com Efusão; avaliar o exame de timpanograma de pacientes que são submetidos à miringotomia; correlacionar o fluído de miringotomia e o timpanograma pré-operatório em crianças portadoras de Otite Média com Efusão. Método: Um estudo retrospectivo em crianças menores de 12 anos portadoras de Otite Média com Efusão foi realizado na seção de otorrinolaringologia na escola da T.U. em Katmandu entre outubro de 2005 e setembro de 2007. Todos os pacientes que foram submetidos à miringotomia foram avaliados pelo exame timpanométrico e este foi comparado com os tipos de fluidos durante a cirurgia. O resultado foi estatisticamente analisado através do teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: A faixa etária dos pacientes era entre cinco e oito anos. Cerca de 56,8% das crianças apresentavam fluido de miringotomia espesso com aspiração seca em 27,5%. O timpanograma evidenciou curva tipo B em 90,2% das crianças. Curva tipo B e fluido espesso foram encontrados em 63%, e 21% das crianças apresentavam aspiração seca. Entretanto, todos os pacientes com fluido expesso apresentaram curva tipo B no timpanograma. A sensibilidade da curva B para prever a presença de fluido foi de 97,3%, enquanto a especificidade para foi de 28,6%. Conclusão: A Curva tipo B é a curva comum no timpanograma em pacientes portadores de Otitie Média com Efusão, porém, nem sempre ela indica a presença de fluido na orelha média. O timpanograma é bastante útil para prever a origem do fluído de miringotomia

Otitis Media with Effusion is a common cause of hearing disability that can be treated simply with myringotomy with or without ventilation tube insertion. Aim: The aims of this study are 1) to assess different types of fluid after myringotomy in Otitis Media with Effusion, 2) to assess the Pre Operative Tympanogram in Patients undergoing myringotomy 3)to correlate between myringotomy fluid and pre operative tympanogram in pediatric patients with Otitis Media with Effusion Method: A retrospective study in children (< 12 years) with Otitis media with effusion was carried out in ENT Department, T.U. Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu between October 2005 to September 2007. All patients undergoing myringotomy were assessed by tympanometry and compared with the types of fluid during surgery. Result was analyzed statistically using Chi -Square Test. Results: Most of the patients were in age group 5-8 years. Around 56.8 % of children had thick myringotomy fluid with dry tap in 27.5 %. Tympanogram showed B type curve in 90.2 % children. In patients with B type curve, thick fluid was found in 63.0%, while 21.0 % children had dry tap. But all patients with thick fluid had B type curve in Tympanogram. Sensitivity of B curve to predict fluid was 97.3% while Specificity was 28.6%. Conclusion: Common type of tympanogram curve in patients with Otitis Media with Effusion is B type, but it doesn?t always indicate to have fluid in middle ear. Tympanogram is useful in predicting the nature of the myringotomy fluid.